היסטוריית אוכלוסיות הערים הגדולות באירופה

מתוך המכלול, האנציקלופדיה היהודית
קפיצה לניווט קפיצה לחיפוש

במהלך מאות השנים האחרונות השתנתה מאד אוכלוסיית הערים הגדולות באירופה, והן עלו וירדו בגודלן ובהשפעתן.

טבלאות אלו מציגות אומדן של האוכלוסיה, מתקופת האבן ועד לעת החדשה.

ציר זמן: התקופה הנאוליתית – תקופת הברונזה – תקופת הברזל – יוון העתיקה – הרפובליקה הרומית (3760–1 לפנה"ס)

עיר 3000 ומעלה 3000 – 2500 2000 1600 1300 1000 700 600 500 – 400 300 200 100 – 1
אתונה 10,000 – 15,000 2,500 – 5,000 5,000 – 10,000 70,000 – 100,000 – 130,000 150,000 – 350,000 – 610,000 120,000 – 200,000 – 300,000 – 431,000 100,000 – 200,000 [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]
ארגוס הקדומה 600 – 1,200 5,000 – 10,000 30,000 – 60,000 [3][14][22][23][24][25]
אגינה 20,000 – 40,000 [26]
אקרוטירי (עיר פרהיסטורית)(אנ') 8,000 – 15,000 – 30,000 [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]
אגריג'נטו 200,000 – 800,000 [36][37][38][39][40]
אווריקום(אנ') 40,000[41]
ביברקט 30,000[42]
צ'רווטרי(אנ') 25,000 – 40,000 [43][44][45][46][47]
קפואה 100,000 300,000 100,000 [48][49][50][51][52][53]
כירוקיטיה [54][55][56][57][58][59][60]
קורינתוס 5,000[61] 50,000 – 90,000 – 100,000 [62][63][64]
קרוטונה 50,000 – 80,000 [65]
דוברובדי(אנ') 10,000 – 16,000 [66][67]
חומות דרינגטון 4,000 [68][69][70]
גורניה(אנ') 4,000 [71][72]
הונבורג(אנ') 10,000 [73][74][75][76]
איסכיה 5,000 – 10,000 [77][78][79]
קנוסוס 1,300 – 2,000 18,000 20,000 – 40,000 – 100,000 30,000 5,000 – 10,000 [3][14][27][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89]
מיקנה 20,000[90] 30,000 – 35,000 [86][91]
מאניקה (יוון)(אנ') 6000 – 15,000 [89][92][93][94][95][96][97]
מאליה(אנ') 700 – 1,000 5,000 – 10,000 – 12.500 [27][87][89]
מיידאנטס(אנ') 10,000 – 29,000 – 46,000 [66][98][99]
פאליקסטרו(אנ') 18,000 [27][87]
פופולוניה(אנ') 25,000 – 40,000 [45][46][100][101]
טרקוויניה 20,000 – 25,000 – 40,000 [45][46][100][101]
ויי 25,000 – 40,000 – 100,000 [45][46][100][101][102][103][104]
וולסיני(אנ') 13,000 – 25,000 – 40,000 [45][46][100][101]
וולצ'י(אנ') 15,000 – 25,000 – 40,000 [45][46][100][101]
ספרטה 40,000 – 50,000 [2][105]
סירקיוז סיציליה 200,000 – 800,000 – 1,200,000 200,000 – 400,000 [40][106][107][108][109][110][111][112]
סיבריס(אנ') 100,000 – 300,000 [113][65][114][115][116][117]
טירינס 1,200 – 1,800 10,000 15,000 [89][118][119][62]
טרנטו 100,000 – 300,000 [53][120][121]
איטליה(אנ') 15,000 – 30,000 [67][122][123][124]
תבאי, יוון 4,000 – 6,000 8,000 30,000 – 60,000 [89][125]

[126][127][128][129]

האלפים 1,000 – 2,300 [130][131][132]
פבלופטרי(אנ') 500 2,000 [133][134]
רומא 3,145 – 7,400 24,240 – 60,600 80,000 130,000 250,000 – 300,000 350,000 500,000 – 1,000,000 [53][135][136][137][138]

[139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146]

רודוס 100,000 – 200,000 100,000 [20][21][147]

ציר זמן: האימפריה הרומית – העת החדשה (1800–1 לספירה)

עיר 1 – 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
אתונה 30,000 110,000 25,000 35,000 – 50,000 40,000 [148][149]
אקוויליה 100,000 100,000 [150][151]
אוגסבורג 25,000 – 50,000 25,000 – 50,000 12,000 50,000 30,000 – 50,000 45,000 – 50,000 – 100,000 26,000 28,000 – 32,000 [152][153][154][155][156][157][158]
אמלפי 80,000 [159]
אנטוורפן 5,000 20,000 100,000 – 200,000 46,000 – 90,000 75,000 [160][161][162][163][164]
ארל 75,000 – 100,000 [165][166][167]
אוטן 40,000 – 100,000 [168][169][170]
אמסטרדם 30,000 65,000 – 100,000 – 175,000 175,000 – 200,000 – 210,000 195,000 – 201,000 [163][171][172][173]
ברצלונה 50,000 60,000 – 70,000 100,000 [173][174][175][176]
ברוז' 50,000 125,000 – 200,000 [177][178]
בוקרשט 60,000 50,000 [179]
בריסל 30,000 100,000 100,000 70,000 [162][172][180]
בורדו 30,000 – 40,000 50,000 100,000 [181][182][183]
ברלין 6,000 12,000 20,000 172,000 [172][184]
בולוניה 35,000 50,000 – 70,000 [185][186][187]
בולגריה 25,000 – 30,000 50,000 [179]
קרנונטום 50,000 50,000 50,000 [188][189]
קדיס 100,000 87,000 [170][190]
קורינתוס 100,000 – 200,000 – 700,000 45,000 + in 856 AD.[191] [62][192][193][194][195]
קונסטנטינופול 400,000 400,00 – 800,000 100,000 – 800,000 100,000 – 800,000 100,000 – 250,000 500,000 – 1,000,000 500,000 300,000 400,000 70,000 100,000 400,000 – 660,000 700,000 300,000 – 700,000 400,000 – 570,000 [196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205]
קורדובה 45,000 350,000 60,000 [170][186][206]
קלן 40,000 40,000 15,000 – 20,000 21,000 20,000 21,000 – 50,000 50,000 – 60,000 50,000 – 60,000 40,000 45,000 40,000 50,000 [187][207][208][209][210][211]
דנציג 30,000 60,000 – 80,000 [152][212]
דבלין 1,000 – 2,000 4,000 – 5,000 10,000 20,000 75,000 200,000 [213][214][215][216]
אדירנה 10,000 28,000 125,000 160,000 – 183,000 93,000 100,000 [179]
פאודוסיה 40,000 85,000 – 88,000 50,000 40,000 36,000 – 44,000 [179]
פירנצה 15,000 50,000 – 60,000 80,000 – 120,000 70,000 70,000 [217][163][187][207][218][219]
ג'נואה 80,000 50,000 100,000 100,000 60,000 70,000 90,000 [217][163][187][220][221][222]
גנט 5,000 10,000 60,000 – 80,000 70,000 – 80,000 80,000 – 150,000 – 175,000 – 200,000 [161][177][223][224][225][226][227][228][174]
גרנדה 26,000 150,000 100,000 70,000 [229][230][181]
המבורג 8,000 15,000 – 20,000 40,000 – 60,000 – 100,000 63,000 – 75,000 117,000 – 130,000 [152][154][158][212][172][231]
קייב 45,000 100,000 [232][233]
ליסבון 35,000 50,000 – 60,000 60,000 – 70,000 – 120,000 120,000 – 140,000 200,000 237,000 [190][234][235][236]
לונדון 30,000 45,000 – 50,000 – 60,000 10,000 – 12,000 20,000 – 25,000 10,000 – 20,000 20,000 – 25,000 50,000 – 100,000 50,000 – 100,000 – 120,000 225,000 – 410,000 550,000 – 700,000 861,000 – 1,000,000 [205][237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244]
ליונס (ליון) 50,000 – 100,000 – 200,000 50,000 – 100,000 – 200,000 12,000 20,000 40,000 – 70,000 40,000 – 70,000 100,000 150,000 [212][245][187][246][247][248][249][250]
ליובן 45,000 [251]
לובלין 40,000 – 70,000 [179]
ליבק 6,000 24,000 30,000 – 37,000 32,000 24,000 [179]
מדריד 60,000 105,000 182,000 [212][172][231]
מגדבורג 30,000 40,000 – 45,000 [152][211]
מרסיי 80,000 – 100,000 80,000 83,000 – 100,000 [212][172][173][231]
מיינץ 20,000 30,000 25,000 24,000 20,000 20,000 – 42,000 [252]
מסינה 100,000 [171][231][253]
מילאנו 40,000 40,000 100,000 90,000 200,000 125,000 100,000 180,000 113,000 122,000 – 250,000 [50][217][254][170][172][221][231][255][256][257][258]
מץ 40,000 25,000 40,000 [245][249][259]
מונפלייה 30,000 – 40,000 15,000 40,000 [245][260]
מוסקבה 20,000 – 30,000 30,000 – 40,000 100,000 200,000 200,000 270,000 [261][262]
נרבון 30,000 – 50,000 31,000 [168][187]
נאפולי 30,000 50,000 30,000 30,000 50,000 – 60,000 200,000 350,000 207,000 500,000 [217][172][187][263][264][265][266][267][268][269]
נים (עיר) 40,000 – 60,000 40,000 [245][270][271][272][273]
נירנברג 10,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 – 52,000 40,000 – 50,000 – 100,000 27,000 [154][156][158][231][274][275][276]
אוסטיה (עיר) 20,000 – 50,000 – 100,000 50,000 – 100,000 [277][278][279][280][281][282]
אוחריד 40,000 [179]
פלרמו 350,000 150,000 150,000 50,000 100,000 124,000 135,000 [171][172][283][236]
פריז 80,000 30,000 20,000 – 30,000 20,000 – 30,000 20,000 50,000 110,000 – 160,000 228,000 – 275,000 – 300,000 280,000 225,000 245,000 – 420,000 515,000 546,000 – 830,000 [187][205][284][285][286][245][287][288]
פדובה 25,000 – 40,000 25,000 – 40,000 25,000 – 40,000 40,000 [185][289]
פיליפי 100,000[290]
פליסקה 34,000 [179]
פלובדיב 20,000 20,000 30,000 [179]
פוזואלי(אנ') 50,000 – 100,000 [50][291][155]
פסקוב 35,000 52,000 – 60,000 [179]
פרסלב 60,000 60,000 [292]
פראג 10,000[293] 22,000 40,000 – 77,000 95,000 – 100,000 70,000 100,000 48,000 77,000 – 100,000 [294][172][295]
רגנסבורג 25,000 40,000 [254][249]
ריימס 30,000 – 50,000 30,000 [168][245]
רומא 1,650,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 100,000 90,000 40,000 – 50,000 50,000 30,000 20,000 50,000 – 55,000 90,000 – 110,000 120,000 – 150,000 150,000 [135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][163][196][296][297][298][299][300][301]
רוונה 50,000 50,000 [165]
רואן 10,000 30,000 40,000 70,000 40,000 – 70,000 40,000 – 70,000 63,000 80,000 – 90,000 [172][245][249][250][295][302][303]
סנקט פטרבורג 100,000+ 220,000 – 425,000 [173][304]
סלרנו 50,000 50,000 30,000 4,000 [187][283]
סמולנסק 20,000 – 30,000 – 40,000 25,000 50,000 64,000 40,000 [305][306]
סראי 100,00 – 600,000 [307]
שפייר 30,000+ 30,000 20,000 [179]
סביליה 90,000 150,000 25,000 100,000 – 300,000 80,000 96,000 [308][171][172][181]
סיינה 50,000 – 120,000[309] 25,000 [310]
סירקוזה 80,000 [170]
סלוניקי 200,000 50,000 40,000 150,000 150,000 100,000 – 150,000 100,000 – 150,000 [232][311][312][313][314][315]
טרקאי 50,000 [179]
טרנובו 48,000 35,000 [179]
טרגובישטה (רומניה) 25,000 – 40,000 50,000 – 60,000 45,000 – 60,000 [179]
טריר 70,000 – 80,000 – 100,000 70,000 – 80,000 – 100,000 15,000 20,000 [187][249][316][317][318][165]
טולוז 20,000 40,000 50,000 30,000 40,000 24,000 50,000 43,000 50,000 [319][251][245][320][321][322][323]
ונציה 60,000 80,000 110,000 – 180,000 110,000 – 150,000 100,000 – 170,000 200,000 140,000 140,000 [217][254][219][220][324]
ורונה 20,000 – 25,000 40,000 [325][326]
נובגורוד 10,000 – 15,000 – 18,000 20,000 – 30,000 – 40,000 50,000 – 60,000 – 400,000 50,000 [327][328][329][330]
וינה 15,000 – 20,000 15,000 – 20,000 12,000 20,000 24,000 45,000 30,000 – 50,000 – 60,000 100,000 – 113,000 250,000 [152][158][212][172][276][331][332][333]
וורמס 28,000 – 60,000 20,000 [179]
איפר 40,000 – 80,000 – 200,000 40,000 – 80,000 – 200,000 [187][182][334][335][336][337][338][339]

נתונים מהוהנברג וליס (1985)


1400
עיר אוכלוסיה
פריז 275,000
בורגס 125,000
מילאנו 125,000
ונציה 110,000
גנואה 100,000
גרנדה 100,000
פראג 95,000
גנט 70,000
רואן 70,000
סביליה 70,000



1700
עיר אוכלוסיה
קונסטנטינופול 700,000
לונדון 550,000
פריז 500,000
נאפולי 215,000
ליסבון 188,000
אמסטרדם 180,000
מוסקבה 150,000
ונציה 138,000
רומא 130,000
מילאנו 120,000
בלגרד 100,000
ליון 100,000
מדריד 100,000
וינה 100,000
מרסיי 100,000
סרייבו 100,000
גדנסק 100,000



1800
עיר אוכלוסיה
לונדון 1,000,000
פריז 600,000
נאפולי 426,000
מוסקבה 250,000
וינה 240,000
סנט פטרסבורג 220,000
אמסטרדם 220,000
דבלין 200,000
ליסבון 180,000
ברלין 172,000
ורשה* 120,000

*Warsaw data from 1792[340]

נתונים משנדלר (1987)

עיר מדינה 430 B.C. 200 B.C. A.D. 100 A.D. 361 A.D. 500 A.D. 622
סביליה ספרד 37–40,000 40,000
לונדון הממלכה המאוחדת 30,000
סירקוזה, סיציליה איטליה 125,000 100,000 51–60,000 45–50,000
רומא איטליה 35,000 150,000 450,000 150,000 100,000 50,000
מילאנו איטליה 30,000 40,000
אתונה יון 155,000 75,000 75,000 50–60,000
קורינתוס יון 70,000 70,000 50,000
ביזנטיון/
קונסטנטינופול		 טורקיה 36,000 300,000 400,000 350,000
עיר מדינה 800 900 1000 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1575 1600 1650
לונדון הממלכה המאוחדת 15,000 25,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 60,000 50,000 74,000 112,000 187,000 410,000
ליסבון פורטוגל 15,000 15,000 15,000 35,000 45,000 55,000 60,000 55,000 62,000 85,000 100,000 170,000
קורדובה ספרד 160,000 200,000 450,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 40,000 36,000 30,000 32,000
סביליה ספרד 35,000 40,000 90,000 125,000 125,000 150,000 75,000 90,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 46,000 70,000 100,000 126,000 60,000
גרנדה ספרד 60,000 60,000 60,000 75,000 90,000 60,000 90,000 165,000 70,000 70,000 60,000 68,000
מדריד ספרד 80,000 125,000
פריז צרפת 25,000 20,000 30,000 50,000 110,000 160,000 228,000 215,000 280,000 150,000 185,000 210,000 220,000 245,000 455,000
אמסטרדם הולנד 48,000 165,000
רומא איטליה 50,000 40,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 30,000 33,000 38,000 58,000 70,000 102,000 110,000
נאפולי איטליה 30,000 25,000 30,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 75,000 114,000 209,000 215,000 224,000 265,000
מילאנו איטליה 25,000 20,000 30,000 42,000 45,000 60,000 65,000 60,000 50,000 80,000 83,000 89,000 75,000 98,000 107,000 105,000
פלרמו איטליה 35,000 75,000 90,000 125,000 150,000 75,000 35,000 25,000 39,000 60,000 70,000 105,000 132,000
ונציה איטליה 35,000 45,000 55,000 60,000 70,000 90,000 110,000 85,000 110,000 100,000 115,000 171,000 157,000 151,000 134,000
פראג הרפובליקה הצ'כית 15,000 22,000 40,000 50,000 95,000 70,000 70,000 70,000 70,000 110,000
אתונה יון 25,000 35,000 35,000 33,000
קונסטנטינופול/
איסטנבול		 טורקיה 250,000 300,000 300,000 200,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 100,000 80,000 75,000 45,000 200,000 660,000 680,000 700,000 700,000
סראי רוסיה 80,000 100,000 120,000
מוסקבה רוסיה 30,000 80,000 75,000 60,000 80,000 100,000
עיר מדינה 1675 1700 1750 1775 1800 1825 1850 1862 1875 1900 1914 1925 1936 1950 1975
לונדון הממלכה המאוחדת 485,000 550,000 676,000 710,000 861,000 1,335,000 2,320,000 2,803,000 4,241,000 6,480,000 7,419,000 7,742,000 9,710,000 8,860,000 10,500,000
ליסבון פורטוגל 178,000 188,000 213,000 219,000 237,000 258,000 262,000 280,000 243,000 363,000 455,000 567,000 875,000 1,600,000
קורדובה (ספרד) ספרד 27,000 28,000 34,000 52,000
סביליה ספרד 80,000 68,000 96,000 83,000 117,000 148,000 212,000 383,000 685,000
גרנדה ספרד 35,000 45,000 53,000 58,000 75,000
מדריד ספרד 115,000 105,000 110,000 132,000 182,000 201,000 216,000 303,000 373,000 539,000 623,000 791,000 1,220,000 1,527,000 4,150,000
פריז צרפת 540,000 530,000 556,000 600,000 547,000 855,000 1,314,000 1,800,000 2,250,000 3,330,000 4,000,000 4,800,000 5,950,000 5,900,000 9,400,000
אמסטרדם הולנד 195,000 210,000 219,000 209,000 195,000 196,000 225,000 268,000 289,000 510,000 601,000 718,000 859,000 1,800,000
רומא איטליה 105,000 138,000 146,000 148,000 142,000 125,000 158,000 194,000 251,000 438,000 570,000 758,000 1,155,000 1,665,000 3,600,000
נאפולי איטליה 170,000 207,000 310,000 355,000 430,000 350,000 413,000 447,000 450,000 563,000 691,000 852,000 1,210,000 1,900,000
מילאנו איטליה 114,000 113,000 110,000 117,000 122,000 156,000 182,000 226,000 267,000 491,000 655,000 917,000 1,103,000 1,400,000 3,800,000
פלרמו איטליה 128,000 125,000 111,000 127,000 135,000 154,000 170,000 175,000 188,000 255,000 370,000 470,000 672,000
ונציה איטליה 138,000 143,000 158,000 151,000 146,000 99,000 141,000 171,000 226,000 354,000
ברלין גרמניה 26,000 113,000 136,000 172,000 222,000 446,000 582,000 1,045,000 2,707,000 3,500,000 4,013,000 4,226,000 3,707,000 2,000,000
בודפשט הונגריה - - - - - - - - 309,208 733,385 880,371 960,995 1,060,431 1,629,000 2,026,543
פראג הרפובליקה הצ'כית 48,000 58,000 77,000 98,000 117,000 474,000 670,000 745,000 951,000 1,275,000
אתונה יון 30,000 181,000 571,000 1,140,000 3,300,000
קונסטנטינופול/
איסטנבול		 טורקיה 750,000 700,000 625,000 600,000 570,000 675,000 785,000 820,000 873,000 900,000 1,125,000 817,000 1,035,000 3,200,000
אדירנה טורקיה 100,000 85,000 82,000 80,000 88,000 85,000
מוסקבה רוסיה 105,000 114,000 146,000 177,000 248,000 257,000 373,000 346,000 600,000 1,120,000 1,805,000 1,764,000 4,050,000 5,100,000 10,700,000
סנט פטרסבורג רוסיה 74,000 164,000 220,000 438,000 502,000 565,000 764,000 1,439,000 2,133,000 1,430,000 2,983,000 2,700,000 4,280,000

ראו גם

הערות שוליים

  1. ^ Thomas, C.G.; Conant, C. (2009). Citadel to City-State: The Transformation of Greece, 1200-700 B.C.E. Indiana University Press. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-253-00325-6.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Ian Morris (12 בדצמבר 2005). "The growth of Greek cities in the first millennium BC" (PDF). נבדק ב-2014-09-24. {{cite web}}: (עזרה)
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